Integrand size = 22, antiderivative size = 299 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}-\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{c} e \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} E\left (\left .\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 d \left (\sqrt {c} d+\sqrt {a} e\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{c} d^2 \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \]
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Time = 0.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 299, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 10, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.455, Rules used = {1238, 1731, 1215, 230, 227, 1214, 1213, 435, 1233, 1232} \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{c} e \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} E\left (\left .\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 d \sqrt {a-c x^4} \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d},\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{c} d^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4} \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right ),-1\right )}{2 d \sqrt {a-c x^4} \left (\sqrt {a} e+\sqrt {c} d\right )}-\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (d+e x^2\right ) \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )} \]
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Rule 227
Rule 230
Rule 435
Rule 1213
Rule 1214
Rule 1215
Rule 1232
Rule 1233
Rule 1238
Rule 1731
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}+\frac {\int \frac {2 c d^2-a e^2-2 c d e x^2-c e^2 x^4}{\left (d+e x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )} \\ & = -\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}-\frac {\int \frac {c d e^2+c e^3 x^2}{\sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx}{2 d e^2 \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )}+\frac {\left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )} \\ & = -\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {c} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx}{2 d \left (\sqrt {c} d+\sqrt {a} e\right )}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} e\right ) \int \frac {1+\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}{\sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right )}+\frac {\left (\left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}} \, dx}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \\ & = -\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \Pi \left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d};\left .\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{c} d^2 \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {c} \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}} \, dx}{2 d \left (\sqrt {c} d+\sqrt {a} e\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} e \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}\right ) \int \frac {1+\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}{\sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}} \, dx}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \\ & = -\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} F\left (\left .\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 d \left (\sqrt {c} d+\sqrt {a} e\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \Pi \left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d};\left .\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{c} d^2 \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} e \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}} \, dx}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \\ & = -\frac {e^2 x \sqrt {a-c x^4}}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right )}-\frac {a^{3/4} \sqrt [4]{c} e \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} E\left (\left .\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 d \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} F\left (\left .\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 d \left (\sqrt {c} d+\sqrt {a} e\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (3 c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \Pi \left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d};\left .\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )\right |-1\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{c} d^2 \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 10.81 (sec) , antiderivative size = 508, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.70 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=\frac {-a \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} d e^2 x+\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} c d e^2 x^5+i \sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} d e \left (d+e x^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} E\left (\left .i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} x\right )\right |-1\right )-i \sqrt {c} d \left (-\sqrt {c} d+\sqrt {a} e\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right ) \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} x\right ),-1\right )-3 i c d^3 \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d},i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} x\right ),-1\right )+i a d e^2 \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d},i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} x\right ),-1\right )-3 i c d^2 e x^2 \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d},i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} x\right ),-1\right )+i a e^3 x^2 \sqrt {1-\frac {c x^4}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (-\frac {\sqrt {a} e}{\sqrt {c} d},i \text {arcsinh}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} x\right ),-1\right )}{2 \sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}} d^2 \left (c d^2-a e^2\right ) \left (d+e x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \]
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Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 522 vs. \(2 (245 ) = 490\).
Time = 0.77 (sec) , antiderivative size = 523, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.75
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {e^{2} x \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d \left (e \,x^{2}+d \right )}+\frac {c \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, F\left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, i\right )}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, e \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, F\left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, i\right )}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, e \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, E\left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, i\right )}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}+\frac {e^{2} \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \Pi \left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, -\frac {e \sqrt {a}}{d \sqrt {c}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}\right ) a}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d^{2} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \Pi \left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, -\frac {e \sqrt {a}}{d \sqrt {c}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}\right ) c}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}\) | \(523\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {e^{2} x \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d \left (e \,x^{2}+d \right )}+\frac {c \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, F\left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, i\right )}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, e \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, F\left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, i\right )}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, e \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, E\left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, i\right )}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}+\frac {e^{2} \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \Pi \left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, -\frac {e \sqrt {a}}{d \sqrt {c}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}\right ) a}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) d^{2} \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {\sqrt {c}\, x^{2}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \Pi \left (x \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}, -\frac {e \sqrt {a}}{d \sqrt {c}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}}\right ) c}{2 \left (a \,e^{2}-c \,d^{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {\sqrt {c}}{\sqrt {a}}}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+a}}\) | \(523\) |
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a - c x^{4}} \left (d + e x^{2}\right )^{2}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {-c x^{4} + a} {\left (e x^{2} + d\right )}^{2}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {-c x^{4} + a} {\left (e x^{2} + d\right )}^{2}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (d+e x^2\right )^2 \sqrt {a-c x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-c\,x^4}\,{\left (e\,x^2+d\right )}^2} \,d x \]
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